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Definition “Test-driven development” refers to a style of programming in which three activities are tightly interwoven: coding, testing (in the form of writing  unit tests ) and design (in the form of  refactoring ). It can be succinctly described by the following set of rules: write a “single” unit test describing an aspect of the program run the test, which should fail because the program lacks that feature write “just enough” code, the simplest possible, to make the test pass “refactor” the code until it conforms to the  simplicity criteria repeat, “accumulating” unit tests over time Expected Benefits many teams report significant reductions in defect rates, at the cost of a moderate increase in initial development effort the same teams tend to report that these overheads are more than offset by a reduction in effort in projects’ final phases although empirical research has so far failed to confirm this, veteran practitioners report that TDD leads to improved design qualities in the